The compass (N, S, E, and W)

The compass is an instrument that is used for navigation and works by utilizing the Earth's magnetic field. 

It consists of a small, magnetized needle that is suspended horizontally and free to rotate. The needle is usually marked with the letters N, S, E, and W, indicating the four cardinal points of the compass.

The Earth has a magnetic field that is created by the movement of molten iron in its core.

This field causes the magnetized needle of the compass to align itself with the magnetic North Pole. 

This alignment allows the user to determine their direction relative to North, and consequently, to orient themselves in their surroundings.

To use a compass, the user holds it level and allows the needle to settle. 

The compass is then rotated until the North end of the needle is aligned with the North marker on the compass. Once this is done, the other cardinal directions can be determined by the positions of the other markers on the compass.

Overall, the compass is a simple but essential navigational tool that has been used for centuries by explorers, sailors, hikers, and many other adventurers to find their way around the Earth.